ABSTRACT
Background: Hypothyroidism is known to be the commonest form of endocrine disorders and has been linked with disturbances in various minerals metabolism. Calcium, phosphorus and magnesium and trace element zinc are required for many enzymes in various metabolic pathways which are directly or indirectly regulated by thyroid hormones. Aim and objectives of the study was to estimate serum zinc, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in hypothyroid patients, with the objectives to evaluate any relationship with TSH and to compare them with euthyroid controls.Methods: The analytical cross-sectional study included 50 hypothyroid subjects with TSH levels >4.5 mcg IU/mL and 50 euthyroid subjects of 20-50 years in RMCH, Bareilly. TSH was estimated by ECLIA, serum calcium and phosphorus were estimated by autoanalyzer and serum zinc & magnesium by the kit method using semi autoanalyzer. All the biochemical parameters were expressed as median with Interquartile Range (IQR). Mann-Whitney test was applied to compare the parameters of cases and control. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient 2-tailed was used to correlate the parameters among the cases.Results: A significantly decreased level of serum calcium and increased level of serum magnesium and phosphorus were observed in hypothyroid cases. A significant negative correlation between TSH and serum calcium while a significant positive correlation of serum magnesium and phosphorus with TSH was observed.Conclusions: The indexed study indicates the significant effect of overt or subclinical hypothyroidism over the mineral status of the body which may have inconsistent effect over the various metabolism and enzymes and thereby clinical manifestations.
ABSTRACT
Homicide is the most heinous crime committed against the person due to interpersonal violence and embraces every mode of violent death; today it has become one of the major threats to the modern society and this has been increasing at an alarming rate all over the world including India. This study was conducted on 40 cases of alleged homicide of all age groups during the period of October 2004 to September 2006. Out of 840 total numbers of medico-legal cases autopsied, 40 cases (4.76%) were of alleged homicide. A preponderance of victims (40%) in the age group 21-30 years with M:F ratio 3:1 was observed. 50% of the weapon used for inflicting injuries were sharp cutting weapons followed by blunt weapons (30%); 32.5% of homicidal deaths were caused due to enmity. In 50% of cases, victims were known to offenders, 82.5% of victims were literates, 67.5% of the homicides were committed during night time and 55% of the homicides were committed in outdoor. All (100%) homicide victims belonged to urban area.
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted on 50 cases of fatal road traffic accidents of all age groups. The pattern and distribution of head injuries in dead bodies due to RTA with/without helmet and other associated risk factors was analyzed. A preponderance of victims in the age group 31-40 years (52%) with M:F ratio 7.33:1 was observed. 38% of cases of RTA died on the spot (p<0.001) and 14% cases died while shifting or within one hour of admission to the hospital. 74% of victims were not using helmets. Majority died were the riders (84%), followed by pillion riders (14%). Contusion of the scalp was more common (98%) as compared to the laceration (38%). Contusion of brain was seen in 100% cases and laceration in 26% cases. Fissure fracture was seen in 64% cases. The commonest variety of intracranial haemorrhage was subdural (98%) followed by subarachnoid (96%).